325 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
325 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# Ubuntu部署方案:Nginx + Gunicorn
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本文档详细说明如何在Ubuntu服务器上部署任务中心管理系统,使用Nginx作为反向代理,Gunicorn作为WSGI服务器,并将服务注册为系统服务。
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## 环境要求
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- Ubuntu 20.04+
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- Python 3.8+
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- Nginx 1.18+
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- Gunicorn 20.0+
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## 1. 服务器准备
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### 1.1 系统更新
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```bash
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
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```
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### 1.2 安装必要依赖
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```bash
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sudo apt install -y python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev \
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build-essential libpq-dev nginx \
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git curl wget
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```
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## 2. 项目部署
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### 2.1 创建项目目录
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /var/www/task_center
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cd /var/www/task_center
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```
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### 2.2 克隆项目
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```bash
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git clone <repository-url> .
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```
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### 2.3 创建虚拟环境
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```bash
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python3 -m venv venv
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source venv/bin/activate
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```
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### 2.4 安装项目依赖
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```bash
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pip install --upgrade pip
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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如果没有requirements.txt文件:
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```bash
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pip install django djangorestframework gunicorn
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```
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### 2.5 配置环境变量
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创建.env文件:
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```bash
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cat > .env << EOF
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SECRET_KEY=your-secret-key
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DEBUG=False
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ALLOWED_HOSTS=your-domain.com,www.your-domain.com
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DATABASE_URL=sqlite:///db.sqlite3
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EOF
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```
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### 2.6 配置Django设置
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修改`task_center/settings.py`:
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```python
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# 从.env文件加载配置
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import os
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from dotenv import load_dotenv
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load_dotenv()
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SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY')
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DEBUG = os.getenv('DEBUG') == 'True'
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ALLOWED_HOSTS = os.getenv('ALLOWED_HOSTS').split(',')
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```
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安装python-dotenv:
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```bash
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pip install python-dotenv
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```
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### 2.7 初始化数据库
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```bash
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python manage.py makemigrations
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python manage.py migrate
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```
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### 2.8 创建超级用户
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```bash
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python manage.py createsuperuser
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```
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### 2.9 收集静态文件
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```bash
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python manage.py collectstatic
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```
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## 3. Gunicorn配置
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### 3.1 测试Gunicorn
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```bash
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cd /var/www/task_center
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venv/bin/gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 task_center.wsgi:application
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```
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访问 http://your-server-ip:8000 测试是否正常运行,然后按Ctrl+C停止。
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### 3.2 创建Gunicorn服务文件
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/task_center.service
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```
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配置内容:
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=Gunicorn instance to serve task_center
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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User=www-data
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Group=www-data
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WorkingDirectory=/var/www/task_center
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Environment="PATH=/var/www/task_center/venv/bin"
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ExecStart=/var/www/task_center/venv/bin/gunicorn --workers 3 --bind unix:/var/www/task_center/task_center.sock task_center.wsgi:application
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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### 3.3 启动和启用Gunicorn服务
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start task_center
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sudo systemctl enable task_center
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```
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### 3.4 检查Gunicorn服务状态
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```bash
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sudo systemctl status task_center
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```
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## 4. Nginx配置
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### 4.1 创建Nginx配置文件
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/task_center
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```
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配置内容:
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name your-domain.com www.your-domain.com;
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location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
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location /static/ {
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root /var/www/task_center;
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}
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location /media/ {
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root /var/www/task_center;
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}
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location / {
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include proxy_params;
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proxy_pass http://unix:/var/www/task_center/task_center.sock;
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.2 启用Nginx配置
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```bash
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/task_center /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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```
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### 4.3 测试Nginx配置
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```bash
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sudo nginx -t
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```
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### 4.4 重启Nginx服务
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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### 4.5 配置防火墙
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```bash
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sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
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sudo ufw allow ssh
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sudo ufw enable
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```
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## 5. SSL证书配置(可选)
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### 5.1 安装Certbot
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```bash
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sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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```
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### 5.2 获取SSL证书
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```bash
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sudo certbot --nginx -d your-domain.com -d www.your-domain.com
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```
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### 5.3 自动更新证书
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```bash
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sudo systemctl status certbot.timer
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```
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## 6. 配置媒体文件权限
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```bash
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sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/task_center/media
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sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/task_center/media
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```
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## 7. 配置定时任务
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### 7.1 添加任务超时检查命令
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```bash
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sudo crontab -e
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```
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添加以下内容(每小时执行一次):
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```
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0 * * * * cd /var/www/task_center && /var/www/task_center/venv/bin/python manage.py check_task_timeouts
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```
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## 8. 监控和维护
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### 8.1 查看Gunicorn日志
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```bash
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sudo journalctl -u task_center
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```
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### 8.2 查看Nginx日志
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```bash
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sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
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sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
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```
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### 8.3 重启服务
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```bash
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sudo systemctl restart task_center
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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### 8.4 部署更新
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```bash
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cd /var/www/task_center
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git pull
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source venv/bin/activate
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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python manage.py migrate
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python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
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deactivate
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sudo systemctl restart task_center
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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## 9. 常见问题排查
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### 9.1 502 Bad Gateway
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- 检查Gunicorn服务状态:`sudo systemctl status task_center`
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- 检查socket文件权限:`ls -l /var/www/task_center/task_center.sock`
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- 确保www-data用户有访问权限
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### 9.2 静态文件404
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- 检查STATIC_ROOT配置
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- 确保执行了collectstatic命令
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- 检查Nginx静态文件路径配置
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### 9.3 媒体文件上传失败
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- 检查媒体文件目录权限
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- 确保www-data用户有写入权限
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## 10. 系统架构
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```
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用户请求 → Nginx (80/443) → Gunicorn (Unix Socket) → Django应用
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↓
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静态文件 → Nginx直接服务
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↓
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媒体文件 → Nginx直接服务
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```
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## 11. 性能优化建议
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1. **Gunicorn工作进程**:根据CPU核心数调整workers数量,建议为 `CPU核心数 * 2 + 1`
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2. **数据库优化**:生产环境建议使用PostgreSQL
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3. **缓存配置**:使用Redis或Memcached缓存
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4. **文件存储**:使用云存储(如S3)存储媒体文件
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5. **监控系统**:添加Prometheus + Grafana监控
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6. **日志管理**:配置ELK Stack或其他日志管理系统
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## 12. 安全建议
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1. **定期更新系统和依赖**
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2. **使用强密码**
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3. **配置防火墙**
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4. **启用HTTPS**
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5. **限制SSH访问**
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6. **定期备份数据库**
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7. **使用最小权限原则**
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## 访问地址
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- **系统首页**:http://your-domain.com
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- **后台管理**:http://your-domain.com/admin/
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- **API文档**:http://your-domain.com/api/
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## 总结
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本部署方案已完成以下内容:
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1. 系统环境配置
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2. 项目部署和依赖安装
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3. Gunicorn服务配置和注册
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4. Nginx反向代理配置
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5. SSL证书配置(可选)
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6. 定时任务配置
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7. 监控和维护指南
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任务中心管理系统已成功部署在Ubuntu服务器上,可以通过域名访问和使用。 |