diff --git a/backend/app/scripts/retranslate_history.py b/backend/app/scripts/retranslate_history.py
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/app/scripts/retranslate_history.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+"""批量重译历史文章。
+
+用途:
+- 翻译链切换后(智谱/星火/腾讯 TMT 顺序调整),让所有历史文章走新链重译
+- 发现"翻译失败 / 译文明显退化 / 译文缺失"的文章,统一重跑
+
+模式:
+- soft(默认):只把 translation_status 改回 pending,worker 会按新链重译;
+  保留 LLM 排版 / 分类 / 评论 / 插图(避免无谓重跑 LLM)
+- hard:显式清空所有译文相关字段 + 标 pending,排版/分类/插图/评论也清掉,
+  等于把这篇当新文章处理(慎用,会重跑 enrich)
+
+判定"翻译是否失败"(is_bad_translation):
+- status 字段层面: pending / failed / partial
+- 内容层面启发式:
+  - title_zh 为空
+  - body_zh_text 为空
+  - 译文里有 [本条未翻译 / [翻译失败 等标记
+  - body_zh_text 跟 body_text 完全一样(疑似未翻)
+  - 长文译文里中文比例 < 30%(几乎没翻译)
+
+用法(在 worker 容器里):
+  # 仅预览,不动
+  docker compose exec worker python -m app.scripts.retranslate_history --dry-run
+
+  # 软重译,全量
+  docker compose exec worker python -m app.scripts.retranslate_history --mode soft
+
+  # 软重译,先试 50 篇
+  docker compose exec worker python -m app.scripts.retranslate_history --limit 50
+
+  # 硬重译,限定源
+  docker compose exec worker python -m app.scripts.retranslate_history \\
+    --mode hard --source-slug bbc-world --limit 100
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import re
+import sys
+from typing import Iterable
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+
+from app.database import AsyncSessionLocal
+from app.models.article import Article
+from app.models.source import Source
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("news.scripts.retranslate_history")
+
+
+# 译文"翻车"标记(从 service.py / tencent.py 残留 marker 推断)
+_BAD_MARKERS = [
+    "[本条未翻译",
+    "[翻译失败",
+    "未翻译:",
+    "Translation failed",
+    "translation failed",
+]
+
+
+def _is_chinese_char(ch: str) -> bool:
+    """粗略判断一个字符是否落在 CJK 范围。"""
+    cp = ord(ch)
+    return (
+        0x4E00 <= cp <= 0x9FFF        # CJK Unified
+        or 0x3400 <= cp <= 0x4DBF     # CJK Extension A
+        or 0x20000 <= cp <= 0x2A6DF   # CJK Extension B
+        or 0x3040 <= cp <= 0x309F     # Hiragana
+        or 0x30A0 <= cp <= 0x30FF     # Katakana
+        or 0xFF00 <= cp <= 0xFFEF     # Fullwidth
+    )
+
+
+def _chinese_ratio(text: str) -> float:
+    if not text:
+        return 0.0
+    cnt = sum(1 for ch in text if _is_chinese_char(ch))
+    return cnt / max(1, len(text))
+
+
+def is_bad_translation(art: Article) -> tuple[bool, str]:
+    """判断一条文章是否需要重译。返回 (need, reason)。"""
+    # 1) 状态层面
+    if art.translation_status in ("pending", "failed", "partial"):
+        return True, f"status={art.translation_status}"
+
+    # 2) status=ok 但内容缺失(可能是写入失败,或者老数据没填)
+    if not art.title_zh or not art.title_zh.strip():
+        return True, "title_zh empty"
+    if not art.body_zh_text or not art.body_zh_text.strip():
+        return True, "body_zh_text empty"
+
+    # 3) 译文里有"翻车"标记
+    haystack = (art.title_zh or "") + "\n" + (art.body_zh_text or "")
+    for marker in _BAD_MARKERS:
+        if marker in haystack:
+            return True, f"contains marker '{marker}'"
+
+    # 4) 译文跟原文完全一样(疑似没翻)
+    #    仅在原文是英文/日文时判定;原文中文时不需重译
+    if art.body_text and art.body_zh_text:
+        same = art.body_zh_text.strip() == art.body_text.strip()
+        if same:
+            src_ratio = _chinese_ratio(art.body_text)
+            # 原文几乎无中文 = 几乎肯定是外文
+            if src_ratio < 0.05:
+                return True, "translation identical to source (likely untranslated)"
+
+    # 5) 译文"几乎全是英文/日文"(短文翻译失败回退到原文)
+    zh = art.body_zh_text
+    if len(zh) > 200 and _chinese_ratio(zh) < 0.30:
+        return True, f"translation low Chinese ratio ({_chinese_ratio(zh):.0%})"
+
+    return False, "ok"
+
+
+async def scan_bad_articles(
+    *,
+    source_slug: str | None,
+    limit: int | None,
+) -> list[tuple[Article, str]]:
+    """扫描需要重译的文章,返回 (article, reason) 列表。"""
+    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+        stmt = select(Article).order_by(Article.id.asc())
+        if source_slug:
+            src = (
+                await session.execute(select(Source).where(Source.slug == source_slug))
+            ).scalar_one_or_none()
+            if not src:
+                print(f"!! source_slug '{source_slug}' 不存在", file=sys.stderr)
+                return []
+            stmt = stmt.where(Article.source_id == src.id)
+
+        rows = (await session.execute(stmt)).scalars().all()
+
+    bad: list[tuple[Article, str]] = []
+    for art in rows:
+        need, reason = is_bad_translation(art)
+        if need:
+            bad.append((art, reason))
+            if limit is not None and len(bad) >= limit:
+                break
+    return bad
+
+
+async def retranslate_articles(
+    articles: Iterable[Article],
+    *,
+    mode: str,
+    dry_run: bool,
+) -> int:
+    """把需要重译的文章状态改回 pending(soft/hard),等 worker 接手。
+
+    返回实际改动行数。
+    """
+    if mode not in ("soft", "hard"):
+        print(f"!! 未知 mode '{mode}'(可选: soft / hard)", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 0
+
+    changed = 0
+    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+        for art in articles:
+            if dry_run:
+                print(
+                    f"[DRY] id={art.id:>6} status={art.translation_status:<8} "
+                    f"engine={art.translation_engine or '-':<12} source_id={art.source_id}"
+                )
+                changed += 1
+                continue
+
+            art.translation_status = "pending"
+            if mode == "hard":
+                # 硬重译:清空所有译文相关字段,等 worker 重新跑
+                art.title_zh = None
+                art.body_zh_text = None
+                art.body_zh_html = None
+                art.summary_zh = None
+                art.translation_engine = None
+                art.translation_chars = 0
+                art.translated_at = None
+                # 注:enrichment 字段(format/commentary/image_ai)故意保留 —
+                # 它们跟翻译链无关,清掉会浪费 LLM 调用
+                # 如果用户想要完全重跑,需要手动调 /admin/translation/rerun
+            # 提交(批量 commit,避免循环里 round-trip)
+            await session.flush()
+            changed += 1
+        if not dry_run:
+            await session.commit()
+
+    return changed
+
+
+async def main() -> int:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="扫描并标记需要重译的历史文章",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--mode",
+        choices=["soft", "hard"],
+        default="soft",
+        help="soft=只改 status 回 pending(默认);hard=清空所有译文相关字段",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--source-slug",
+        default=None,
+        help="限定某个采集源(按 slug)",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--limit",
+        type=int,
+        default=None,
+        help="最多处理多少条(用于分批,避免一次性塞爆队列)",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--dry-run",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="只打印待重译列表,不动数据库",
+    )
+    p.add_argument(
+        "--show-stats",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="额外按 reason 分组统计(配合 --dry-run 使用)",
+    )
+    args = p.parse_args()
+
+    # 1) 扫描
+    bad = await scan_bad_articles(source_slug=args.source_slug, limit=args.limit)
+    if not bad:
+        print("✅ 没有发现需要重译的文章")
+        return 0
+
+    print(f"发现 {len(bad)} 条需要重译的文章(模式={args.mode}, source={args.source_slug or 'ALL'})")
+    if args.show_stats:
+        from collections import Counter
+        stats = Counter(reason for _, reason in bad)
+        for reason, cnt in stats.most_common():
+            print(f"  - {reason:<48} {cnt:>4}")
+
+    # 2) 处理
+    articles = [art for art, _ in bad]
+    changed = await retranslate_articles(articles, mode=args.mode, dry_run=args.dry_run)
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        print(f"\n[DRY-RUN] 共 {changed} 条,实际未改动。去掉 --dry-run 真正执行。")
+    else:
+        print(f"\n✅ 已将 {changed} 条标为 pending,等 worker 拉起重译。")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s: %(message)s")
+    sys.exit(asyncio.run(main()))